Part 4

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30:00

P4

Listen and answer questions 31–40. Questions 31–40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Human babies and numerical ability

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31-40

Question 31-40

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Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Interpreting a baby's thoughts - In the 19th century, William James said new-born babies were in a state of . - Modern researchers can tell what babies are interested in by studying movements of their . Experiments with babies and numbers - One-day-old babies were shown several cards with on. - They were interested when the number changed. - They were not interested when the changed. - Older babies were shown cards with of different things. - They were most interested when the number changed. - These experiments suggest babies have a sense of number. Animals and numbers - Some birds can find food in a box by numbers, which involves counting. - Wild lions can estimate the number of lions in another group from the sound they make. - They can then decide whether or not to the other group. Humans and counting - Research with aboriginal children concludes that is not essential for understanding numbers. - Researchers think that counting developed at the same time as people started . - Europeans may once have used fingers and for counting.
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